人工智能拓展就业空间—助力稳就业、保就业

作为一种革命性技术,人工智能的发展与应用对经济社会发展变革的影响日益深入。在这一过程中,人工智能对就业的影响一直是社会各界关注的焦点之一。人们担心,人工智能的大规模应用会产生就业替代效应,减少就业岗位。不可否认,人工智能的快速应用短期内会对就业造成一定影响,但从长远来看,其发展和应用会创造更大就业空间,提高劳动者就业质量。在疫情防控中,以人工智能为代表的数字技术在助力稳就业、保就业方面发挥了巨大作用,充分展现了其在保障和创造就业方面的巨大潜能。

人工智能拓展就业空间

以人工智能为代表的数字技术,通过在更高水平更大程度上赋能企业和劳动者来推动经济社会发展,并在这一过程中创造更大就业空间。首先,人工智能的发展推动智能化信息基础设施建设和传统基础设施智能化水平提升,并在这一过程中创造大量新就业机会。其次,人工智能的发展除了推动人工智能领域新兴产业发展、形成人工智能产业集群和创新高地,还能通过与各领域产业深度融合,大规模推动企业智能化升级,培育数据驱动、人机协同、跨界融合的智能经济形态,从而创造大量新就业机会。第三,人工智能在教育、医疗、养老、环境保护、城市治理、司法服务等领域的广泛应用,以及在准确感知、预测、预警等方面的深度应用,也会创造新的就业机会。最后,人工智能产业的发展以及人工智能技术的应用还会带动其他行业发展,既可以直接创造更多新工作机会,又可以通过促进经济增长间接创造更多就业机会,还可以从中衍生出许多新型行业而创造更多就业机会。

人工智能能促进提高就业质量。人工智能的发展和应用,有助于为劳动者提供更多高质量的就业岗位,提升劳动者的创造力和成就感;帮助劳动者更加自由地安排工作、生活、学习和个人事务,不断优化调整学习方法和学习内容,以实现快速学习、高效学习,从而提高专业技能和工作效率,实现工作与生活平衡;通过人机协作赋能劳动者,帮助劳动者实现人力资本优化配置,提高劳动者的劳动自由度和舒适度。总之,人工智能可以赋能劳动者按照自身意愿以多种形式完成工作任务,帮助劳动者以最切合自身特点的方式学习新的专业技能,提高劳动者的就业质量。

突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济社会发展带来前所未有的冲击,稳就业、保就业成为统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作的重中之重。在这一过程中,以人工智能为代表的数字技术显示出在保障和创造就业等方面的显著优势和巨大潜能,基于人工智能技术的新就业体系正在加速形成。比如,数字经济发展全面提速,智能化、科技型产品较快增长,远程办公、在线教育、网络问诊等快速扩张,无人零售、直播带货等新模式不断涌现,既有力支撑经济社会发展,又助力实现今年《政府工作报告》设定的就业目标任务。

当然,虽然人工智能的发展和应用从长期看会创造更大容量、更高质量的就业空间,但短期内也会对就业市场造成一定影响。对此,劳动者要做好心理准备与技能储备,相关管理和服务部门也要及时调整就业政策措施以适应科技发展进步与就业市场变化,推动实现人工智能技术发展应用与就业市场之间的协调平衡。

(文章来源:人民日报网,作者为中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院研究员、劳动人事学院院长)

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